- 5- Sponges have a relatively simple, porous body
- 6- Cnidarians are radial animals with tentacles and stinging cells
- 7- Flatworms are the simplest bilateral animals
- 8- Nematodes have a body cavity and a complete digestive tract
- 9- Diverse molluscs are variations on a common body plan
- 10- Annelids are segmented worms
- 11- Arthropods are segmented animals with jointed appendages and an exoskeleton
- 12- Evolution Connection: Insects are the most successful group of animals
- 13- Scientific Thinking: The genes that build animal bodies are ancient
- 14- Echinoderms have spiny skin, an endoskeleton, and a water vascular system for movement
- 15- Our own phylum, chordata, is distinguished by four features
- 16- Connection: Invertebrate diversity is a valuable but threatened resource